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Passersby=20
look at damaged buildings in Nairobi, Kenya on Aug. 7 after a huge =
bomb=20
planted next to the U.S. embassy there. |
|
Michael Moran
Senior =
correspondent |
BRAVE NEW =
WORLD
By Michael Moran
MSNBC
NEW YORK, Aug. 24, = 1998 - At the=20 CIA, it happens often enough to have a code name: Blowback. Simply = defined, this=20 is the term describing an agent, an operative or an operation that has = turned on=20 its creators. Osama bin Laden, our new public enemy Number 1, is the=20 personification of blowback. And the fact that he is viewed as a hero by = millions in the Islamic world proves again the old adage: Reap what you = sow.
Befpre up click on my = face and=20 call me naive, let me concede some points. Yes, the West needed Josef = Stalin to=20 defeat Hitler. Yes, there were times during the Cold War when supporting = one=20 villain (Cambodia=E2=80=99s Lon Nol, for instance) would have been = better than the=20 alternative (Pol Pot). So yes, there are times when any nation must hold = its=20 nose and shake hands with the devil for the long-term good of the = planet.
But just as surely, = there are=20 times when the United States, faced with such moral dilemmas, should = have=20 resisted the temptation to act. Arming a multi-national coalition of = Islamic=20 extremists in Afghanistan during the 1980s - well after the destruction = of the=20 Marine barracks in Beirut or the hijacking of TWA Flight 847 - was one = of those=20 times.
BIN = LADEN=E2=80=99S BEGINNINGS=20
Terrorist backer?Click here for a =
list of=20
attacks that Bin Laden is suspected of financing
=
As anyone who has = bothered to read=20 this far certainly knows by now, bin Laden is the heir to Saudi = construction=20 fortune who, at least since the early 1990s, has used that money to = finance=20 countless attacks on U.S. interests and those of its Arab allies around = the=20 world.
As his unclassified = CIA biography=20 states, bin Laden left Saudi Arabia to fight the Soviet army in = Afghanistan=20 after Moscow=E2=80=99s invasion in 1979. By 1984, he was running a front = organization=20 known as Maktab al-Khidamar - the MAK - which funneled money, arms and = fighters=20 from the outside world into the Afghan war.
What the CIA bio = conveniently=20 fails to specify (in its unclassified form, at least) is that the MAK = was=20 nurtured by Pakistan=E2=80=99s state security services, the = Inter-Services Intelligence=20 agency, or ISI, the CIA=E2=80=99s primary conduit for conducting the = covert war against=20 Moscow=E2=80=99s occupation.
![3D"Image:](3D"http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/183000/183853.standard.jpg"=20)
Taliban militiamen watch as one of their tanks =
light up=20
an opposition position northeast of Kabul on Aug. 15.
Yet the CIA, concerned = about the=20 factionalism of Afghanistan made famous by Rudyard Kipling, found that = Arab=20 zealots who flocked to aid the Afghans were easier to = =E2=80=9Cread=E2=80=9D than the=20 rivalry-ridden natives. While the Arab volunteers might well prove = troublesome=20 later, the agency reasoned, they at least were one-dimensionally = anti-Soviet for=20 now. So bin Laden, along with a small group of Islamic militants from = Egypt,=20 Pakistan, Lebanon, Syria and Palestinian refugee camps all over the = Middle East,=20 became the =E2=80=9Creliable=E2=80=9D partners of the CIA in its war = against Moscow.
WHAT=E2=80=99S = =E2=80=98INTELLIGENT=E2=80=99=20 ABOUT THIS?
Though he has come to = represent=20 all that went wrong with the CIA=E2=80=99s reckless strategy there, by = the end of the=20 Afghan war in 1989, bin Laden was still viewed by the agency as = something of a=20 dilettante - a rich Saudi boy gone to war and welcomed home by the Saudi = monarchy he so hated as something of a hero.
In fact, while he = returned to his=20 family=E2=80=99s construction business, bin Laden had split from the = relatively=20 conventional MAK in 1988 and established a new group, al-Qaida, that = included=20 many of the more extreme MAK members he had met in Afghanistan.
![3D"Image:](3D"http://msnbcmedia4.msn.com/j/msnbc/183000/183851.standard.jpg"=20)
Most of these Afghan vets, or =
Afghanis, as=20
the Arabs who fought there became known, turned up later behind violent =
Islamic=20
movements around the world. Among them: the GIA in Algeria, thought =
responsible=20
for the massacres of tens of thousands of civilians; Egypt=E2=80=99s =
Gamat Ismalia,=20
which has massacred western tourists repeatedly in recent years; Saudi =
Arabia=20
Shiite militants, responsible for the Khobar Towers and Riyadh bombings =
of 1996.=20
Exiled Saudi dissident Osama bin Laden is seen =
in this=20
April, 1998 photo in Afghanistan.
Indeed, to this day, = those=20 involved in the decision to give the Afghan rebels access to a fortune = in covert=20 funding and top-level combat weaponry continue to defend that move in = the=20 context of the Cold War. Sen. Orrin Hatch, a senior Republican on the = Senate=20 Intelligence Committee making those decisions, told my colleague Robert = Windrem=20 that he would make the same call again today even knowing what bin Laden = would=20 do subsequently. =E2=80=9CIt was worth it,=E2=80=9D he said.
=E2=80=9CThose were = very important,=20 pivotal matters that played an important role in the downfall of the = Soviet=20 Union,=E2=80=9D he said.
HINDSIGHT = OR TUNNEL=20 VISION
It should be pointed = out that the=20 evidence of bin Laden=E2=80=99s connection to these activities is mostly = classified,=20 though its hard to imagine the CIA rushing to take credit for a = Frankenstein=E2=80=99s=20 monster like this.
It is also worth = acknowledging=20 that it is easier now to oppose the CIA=E2=80=99s Afghan adventures than = it was when=20 Hatch and company made them in the mid-1980s. After all, in 1998 we now = know=20 that far larger elements than Afghanistan were corroding the communist = party=E2=80=99s=20 grip on power in Moscow.
Even Hatch = can=E2=80=99t be blamed=20 completely. The CIA, ever mindful of the need to justify its = =E2=80=9Cmission,=E2=80=9D had=20 conclusive evidence by the mid-1980s of the deepening crisis of = infrastructure=20 within the Soviet Union. The CIA, as its deputy director Robert Gates=20 acknowledged under congressional questioning in 1992, had decided to = keep that=20 evidence from President Reagan and his top advisors and instead = continued to=20 grossly exaggerate Soviet military and technological capabilities in its = annual=20 =E2=80=9CSoviet Military Power=E2=80=9D report right up to 1990.
Given that context, a = decision was=20 made to provide America=E2=80=99s potential enemies with the arms, money = - and most=20 importantly - the knowledge of how to run a war of attrition violent and = well-organized enough to humble a superpower.
That decision is = coming home to=20 roost.
International = Editor=20 Michael Moran writes a weekly column on foreign affairs.
Copyright MSNBC 1998
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